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| Fm Transmitter Circuit |
FM transmitter circuit diagrams
This is a simple FM(frequency modulated) circuit which is made of a single transistor.This simple transmitter circuit project can be powered with a single cell or 6 volt DC. The range of the transmitter is around 100 meters.By increasing power the range can be increased a little bit.But i recommend to give specefied voltage ie, 6 volts itself.
The frequency is in the range of VHF(87-108 MHz).The inductor, capacitor, resistor along with the voltage determines the frequency of transmission.
The audio transmitted by this transmitter is crystal clear, also in reception this quality is maintained as its an FM modulation.Line of sight should be maintained by both the transmitter and receiver as FM is highly attenuated by the presence of buildings, mountain etc. in its path.This will cause change in signal strength in the reception side.
Working
The audio signal from a Mobile,computer or any other audio sources is fed to the input of the transistor.The input is usually taken as the base of the transistor, which is responsible for taking the signal.The signal is amplified and modulated along with the carrier frequency allowing audio to mix with the carrier and transmit to the surrounding areas.
By using an antenna the reach of the signal can be maximised.Here we can use a 1 meter length long wire as an antenna.The antenna length cannot be more than that as it will reduce the effeciency of transmission,for such a small circuit.
The signal can be received using an FM radio receiver in the frequency range of 87-108 MHz.
Applications
* Used in offices,colleges,home such as wireless calling applications, doorbell etc.
* Used in hobby projects.
* FM car transmitter devices.
*Microcontroller based wireless applications.
Advantages
* Sound quality or data received will be crystal clear.
* Easy to build, require only one transistor and some passive electronic components is only required.
* The noise is very less.
Disadvantages
* FM signals transmitted is highly attenuated by buildings, mountains etc.So the signal will be always in a weak/faded manner.
* FM signals transmitted is highly attenuated by buildings, mountains etc.So the signal will be always in a weak/faded manner.
* The reception needs long antennas.
* Couldnot travel much long distances.
Components Used :
T1 - Transistor - 2n 2222A
R1 - Resistor - 12 kiloohms
R2 - Resistor - 33 kiloohms
R3 - Resistor - 12 kiloohms
R4 - Resistor - 1 kiloohms
C1 - Capacitor - 4.7 pf
C2 - Capacitor - 100 pf
C3 - Capacitor - 22 pf
C4 - Capacitor - 22 pf
C5 - Capacitor - 104 pf
Inductor - 4 turns on 4mm air core
LED - Red
Mic - Microphone Condensor
Antenna - Long wire antenna 1 meter length for better range
Circuit Diagram
T1 - 2n2222a
R1 - 10 Kilo ohms
R2 - 100 ohms
C1 - 3.3 Mfd/25v
C2 - 101 pf
C3 - 47 pf
L1 - 5 turns of coil on 5mm round pipe
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